MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS

GRADUATION THESIS
TOPIC:
IMPROVING CONTAINER LOADING EFFICIENCY THROUGH
GREEDY ALGORITHM IN EXCEL VBA: A CASE OF CONSTANTIA
FLEXIBLES VIETNAM

Student

: Nguyen Thien Tin

Student ID

: 19124330

Course

: 2019

Major

: Industrial Management

Instructor

: To Tran Lam Giang

Ho Chi Minh City, August, 2023

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor, To
Tran Lam Giang, for her invaluable guidance, feedback, and support throughout this
thesis project. Her insights and direction were instrumental in helping me bring this
work to fruition. I sincerely appreciate the time she invested in overseeing my research
and writing.
I would also sincerely thank my colleagues at Constantia Vietnam who provided the
opportunity for me to deeply understand the intricacies of the manufacturing and
loading processes. In particular, I am grateful to Production Manager Nguyen Anh
Huy for taking the time to explain the details of current packing operations and
constraints. This field knowledge gave me the foundation to assess limitations and
propose solutions. Their unwavering belief inspired me during challenging times. I
could not have completed this milestone without such an uplifting community. I look
forward to receiving feedback and comments from readers and teachers so that I can
complete my research and serve as a basis for further research in the near future.

iii

LIST OF ABBREVIATION
CSCMP

Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals

CVN

Constantia Flexibles Vietnam

ERP

Enterprise Resource Planning

ETL

Extract, Transform, Load

GSM

Grams per Square Meter

IT

Information Technology

OD

Outer Diameter

PE

Polyethylene

PVC

Polyvinyl Chloride

QA

Quality Assurance

SCM

Supply Chain Management

SKU

Stock Keeping Unit

VBA

Visual Basic for Applications

iv

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 Headquarters of Constantia Flexibles group in Austria .................................4
Figure 1.2 Constantia Flexibles branches around the world ...........................................8
Figure 1.3 Organization structure of Constantia Flexibles Vietnam .............................12
Figure 2.1 Key elements of supply chain management.................................................14
Figure 2.2 A visual example of the greedy algorithm ...................................................
...

...
.004
11. Fanslau, T., &amp Bortfeldt, A. (2010). A tree search algorithm for solving the
container loading problem. INFORMS Journal on Computing, 22(2), 222-235.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2014.05.024
12. Gehring, H. (1997). A genetic algorithm for solving the container loading
problem. International transactions in operational research, 4(5-6), 401-418.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-6016(97)00033-6
13. Gehring, H., &amp Bortfeldt, A. (2001). A parallel hybrid local search algorithm for
the container loading problem. International Transactions in Operational
Research, 8(5), 499-508. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3995.2004.00474.x
14. Gehring, H., Menschner, K., &amp Meyer, M. (1990). A computer-based heuristic for
packing pooled shipment containers. European Journal of Operational Research,
44(2), 277-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(90)90363-G

69

15. George, J. A., &amp Robinson. D. F. (1980). A heuristic for packing boxes into a
container.
Computers
&amp
Operations
Research,
7(3),
147–156.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0548(80)90001-5
16. Iori, M., Locatelli, M., Moreira, M. C., &amp Silveira. T. (2020). Reactive GRASPbased algorithm for pallet building problem with visibility and contiguity
constraints. International Conference on Computational Logistics, 651–665.
https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59747-4_42
17. Lim, A., Rodrigues, B., &amp Yang, Y. (2005). 3-D container packing heuristics.
Applied Intelligence, 22, 125-134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-005-5601-0
18. Mentzer, J. T., DeWitt, W., Keebler, J. S., Min, S., Nix, N. W., Smith, C. D., &amp
Zacharia, Z. G. (2001). Defining supply chain management. Journal of Business
logistics, 22(2), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2158-1592.2001.tb00001.x
19. Olsson, J., Larsson, T., &amp Quttineh, N. H. (2020). Automating the planning of
container loading for Atlas Copco: Coping with real-life stacking and stability
constraints. European Journal of Operational Research, 280(3), 1018-1034.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2019.07.057
20. Özbaşaran, H. (2018). A study on size optimization of trusses with BB-BC
algorithm: review and numerical experiments. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen
Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(1), 256-264.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/fmbd.66584
21. Hanafi, S., Freville, A., &amp El Abdellaoui, A. (1996). Comparison of heuristics for
the 0–1 multidimensional knapsack problem. Meta-heuristics: Theory and
applications, 449-465. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1361-8_27

70