American Society of Plumbing Engineers
Plumbing Engineering
Design Handbook
A Plumbing Engineer’s Guide to System Design and Specifications
Volume 1
Fundamentals of
Plumbing Engineering
American Society of Plumbing Engineers
8614 W. Catalpa Avenue, Suite 1007
Chicago, IL 60656-1116
The ASPE Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information for the design and
specification of plumbing systems. The publisher makes no guarantees or warranties, expressed or implied, regarding the data and information contained in this publication. All data and information are provided with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in
rendering legal, consulting, engineering, or other professional services. If legal, consulting, or engineering advice or other expert assistance
is required, the services of a competent professional should be engaged.
American Society of Plumbing Engineers
8614 W. Catalpa Avenue, Suite 1007
Chicago, IL 60656-1116
(773) 693-ASPE • Fax: (773) 695-9007
E-mail:
[email protected] • Internet: www.aspe.org
Copyright © 2004 by American Society of Plumbing Engineers
All rights reserved, including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies
by any photographic process, or by any electronic or mechanical device, printed or written or oral, or recording for
sound or visual reproduction, or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is
obtained from the publisher.
ISBN 1–891255–21–5
Printed in the United States of America
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Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook
Volume 1
Fundamentals of Plumbing Engineering
Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook
Chairperson: Alan Otts, P.E., CIPE
ASPE Vice-Presidents, Technical: J. Joe Scott, CPD (2003-2004)
Technical and Editorial Review: Jill Dirksen & Jim Camillo
Chairperson: Richard Ellis
CONTRIBUTORS
Chapter 1
Formulas, Symbols and Terminology
C. David Hudson, CPD
Chapter 8
Corrosion
Jill Dirksen
Chapter 2
Standards for Plumbing Materials and Equipment
Julius Ballanco, P.E.
Chapter 9
Seismic Protection of Plumbing Equipment
Rich Lloyd
Chapter 3
Specifications
Joe Manning, CPD
Chapter 10
Acoustics in Plumbing Systems
Ted Carnes
Bill Johnson
Tom Rose
Chapter 4
Plumbing Cost Estimation
Steven Skattebo, P.E.
Chapter 5
Job Preparation, Drawings and Field Checklists
Steven Skattebo, P.E.
Chapter 6
Plumbing for People (or Persons) with Disabilities
Patrick McClellan, CPD
Chapter 7
Energy and Resource Conservation in
Plumbing Systems
Aaron Kelly, CPD
Chapter 11
Basics of Value Engineering
Stanley Wolfson
Chapter 12
Green Design for Plumbing Systems
J. Joe Scott, CPD
About ASPE
The American Society of Plumbing Engineers (ASPE) is the international organization for professionals skilled in
the design and specification of plumbing systems. ASPE is dedicated to the advancement of the science of plumbing
engineering, to the professional growth and advancement of its members, and to the health, welfare, and safety of
the public.
The Society disseminates technical data and information, sponsors activities that facilitate interaction with
fellow professionals, and, through research and education programs, expands the base of knowledge of the plumbing
engineering industry. ASPE members are leaders in innovative plumbing design, effective materials and energy use,
and the application of advanced techniques from around the world.
WORLDWIDE MEMBERSHIP — ASPE was founded in 1964 and currently has 7,500 members. Spanning the globe,
members are located in the United States, Canada, Asia, Mexico, South America, the South Pacific, Australia, and
Europe. They represent an extensive network of experienced engineers, designers, contractors, educators, code
officials, and manufacturers interested in furthering their careers, their profession, and the industry. ASPE is at the
forefront of technology. In addition, ASPE represents members and promotes the profession among all segments of the
construction industry.
ASPE MEMBERSHIP COMMUNICATION — All members belong to ASPE worldwide and have the opportunity to
belong and participate in one of the 62 state, provincial or local chapters throughout the U.S. and Canada. ASPE
chapters provide the major communication links and the first line of services and programs for the individual member.
Communications with the membership is enhanced through the Society’s bimonthly magazine, Plumbing Systems
and Design, and the bimonthly newsletter ASPE Report which is incorporated as part of the magazine.
TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS — The Society maintains a comprehensive publishing program, spearheaded by the
profession’s basic reference text, the ASPE Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook. The Plumbing Engineering
Design Handbook, encompassing 47 chapters in four volumes, provides comprehensive details of the accepted practices
and design criteria used in the field of plumbing engineering. Ne
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...hting, 2000 V3: 145
wet-pipe systems, 2004 V1: 29, 2000 V3: 9
wet pits, 2000 V3: 142
wet returns, 2000 V3: 179
wet standpipes, 2004 V1: 30
wet surfaces, 2004 V1: 16
wet-tap excavations, 2000 V3: 222
wet vacuum-cleaning systems (WVC)
defined, 1999 V2: 266
illustrated, 1999 V2: 276
pitch, 1999 V2: 277
separators, 1999 V2: 268
symbols for, 2004 V1: 9
wet venting
bathroom groups, 1999 V2: 43
combination waste and vent systems, 1999 V2: 45–46
defined, 2004 V1: 31, 1999 V2: 64
illustrated, 1999 V2: 49
Weymouth formula, 2004 V1: 7, 1999 V2: 183, 190, 191,
198–209
WFI (water for injection), 1999 V2: 317, 320, 321, 324
WH (wall hydrants), 2004 V1: 10, 12
Wh, WH (watt-hours), 2004 V1: 16
WHA (water hammer arresters). See water hammer
arresters
What Future Role for Pressure Sewers?, 1999 V2: 238
wheel loads in pipe selection, 2003 V4: 26
wheelchairs
adult-sized, dimensions, 2004 V1: 108
anthropometrics for wheelchairs, 2004 V1: 109
approaches and reaches, 2004 V1: 110
clear space for, 2004 V1: 109
toilet and bathing rooms, 2004 V1: 112–113
381
wheeled fire extinguishers, 2000 V3: 19, 27
WHEN relationship, 2004 V1: 230
whirlpool bathtubs, 2003 V4: 16
White, George Clifford, 1999 V2: 155
Whitney, Eli, 2004 V1: 231
WHY logic path, 2004 V1: 230, 231, 258
WI (width), 2004 V1: 16
wide seepage beds, 1999 V2: 225
width (WI), 2004 V1: 16
wind (WD)
direction (wdir, WDIR), 2004 V1: 16
effect on irrigation sprinklers, 2000 V3: 102
fountains and, 2000 V3: 115, 120–121
gas appliances and, 1999 V2: 178
reflecting pools and, 2000 V3: 108
speed and heat loss, 2000 V3: 121
symbols for, 2004 V1: 16
velocity, 2004 V1: 16
vent stack terminals and, 1999 V2: 36
wind pressure (wpr, WPR, WP, WPRES), 2004 V1: 16
withstand for hot-water systems, 1999 V2: 166
WO (waste oil), 2004 V1: 8
WOG (water, oil, and gas pressure rating), 2000 V3: 210
wood shrinkage, protecting against, 1999 V2: 19
wood stave piping, 1999 V2: 122
Woodcock, J.J., 1999 V2: 34
word processing of specifications, 2004 V1: 71–72
work
conversion factors, 2004 V1: 35
converting to SI units, 2004 V1: 39
defined, 2004 V1: 61
measurements, 2004 V1: 33
work change directives, 2004 V1: 63
work functions in value engineering, 2004 V1: 225, 243
working deionizers, 1999 V2: 301, 302
working hours, in cost estimation, 2004 V1: 98
working pressure
fuel gas, 1999 V2: 212
in pipe selection, 2003 V4: 26
relief valves and, 1999 V2: 167
vacuum systems, 1999 V2: 259, 262
workmanship standards, 2004 V1: 66
workmen’s compensation, in labor costs, 2004 V1: 94
worksheets. See checklists and forms
worst case possibilities, radiation and, 1999 V2: 341
worth, defined, 2004 V1: 213
WOV (waste oil vents), 2004 V1: 8
WP (wind pressure), 2004 V1: 16
wpr, WPR (wind pressure), 2004 V1: 16
WPRES (wind pressure), 2004 V1: 16
wrapped piping
plastic-wrapped steel piping, 1999 V2: 196
sound damping, 2004 V1: 196, 201–202
wrapped storm piping, 1999 V2: 68
wrist blades on faucets, 2000 V3: 33
written amendments, 2004 V1: 63
Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder-Joint Pressure
Fittings, 2003 V4: 37
Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloy Solder-Joint
Drainage Fittings, 2003 V4: 45
Wrought Copper Braze Fittings, 2003 V4: 45
wrought iron piping, 1999 V2: 122, 176, 196
382
ASPE Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook — Volume 1
wt, WT (weight). See weight
WVC (wet vacuum cleaning). See wet vacuum-cleaning
systems
wyes
avoiding suds formation, 1999 V2: 37
sovent systems, 1999 V2: 61
water closet installation, 2003 V4: 6–7
Wyly, R.S., 1999 V2: 4, 19, 65
X
x-ray areas, 2000 V3: 39, 51
x-rays, 1999 V2: 337
X#A (compressed air). See compressed air (A, X#, X#A)
XH (extra heavy) cast iron soil pipe, 2003 V4: 29–30
XH (extra heavy) cast-iron soil pipe, 2003 V4: 27
XP explosion-proof construction, 1999 V2: 179
XP junction boxes, 1999 V2: 179
XPAN (expansion. See expansion
Y
y (years), 2004 V1: 16, 34
y-type strainers, 2000 V3: 116
yards (yd, YD)
converting to SI units, 2004 V1: 40
symbols for, 2004 V1: 16
yards and lawns
lawn imperviousness factors, 2000 V3: 243
lawn sprinkler supply (LS), 2004 V1: 8
sprinkler systems (irrigation)
lawn sprinklers, 1999 V2: 121
storm-drainage systems and, 1999 V2: 67
yard cleanouts (CO), 2004 V1: 11
YB (valves in yard boxes), 2004 V1: 10
yd, YD (yards), 2004 V1: 16, 40
year-round pools, 2000 V3: 129
years (yr, YR), 2004 V1: 16, 34
Yeh, K.L., 1999 V2: 325
yellow brass, 2004 V1: 144
yoke vents, 2004 V1: 31
Young, Virgil E., 2000 V3: 105
yr, YR (years), 2004 V1: 16, 34
Yrjanainen, Glen, 1999 V2: 114
Z
z, Z (zones), 2004 V1: 16, 183
Zelmanovich, Y., 1999 V2: 325
zeolite process, 1999 V2: 244
zeolites, 1999 V2: 302
zero-flow potential, 2004 V1: 153
zero governors, 2000 V3: 251
zeta potential, 1999 V2: 294
zinc
anodes, 2004 V1: 150
corrosion, 2004 V1: 139
electromotive force series, 2004 V1: 144
galvanic series, 2004 V1: 141
zirconium, 2000 V3: 20
ZN (zones), 2004 V1: 16, 183
zone valves, 2000 V3: 49, 71
zones (z, Z, ZN)
in seismic force calculations, 2004 V1: 183
symbols for, 2004 V1: 16
Index
383
