Đồ án tốt nghiệp - Optimization Of Extraction Conditions For Yield, TFC ( TPC ( ATSC ( FCHTSURSM

HCMC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION
FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY

GRADUATION THESIS
Optimization of Extraction Conditions
for Yield, Total Flavonoid Content
(TFC), Total Phenolic Content (TPC),
and Total Saponin Content (TSC) from
Camellia hoaana, Theaceae Stem Using
Response Surface Methodology
Student:

Supervisor:

Nguyen Vo Thanh Muon

21128345

Nguyen Vu Tra My

21128185

Ph.D. Nguyen Linh Nham

Ho Chi Minh city, July 2025

HCMC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION
FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY

GRADUATION THESIS
Optimization of Extraction Conditions
for Yield, Total Flavonoid Content
(TFC), Total Phenolic Content (TPC),
and Total Saponin Content (TSC) from
Camellia hoaana, Theaceae Stem Using
Response Surface Methodology
Student:

Supervisor:

Nguyen Vo Thanh Muon

21128345

Nguyen Vu Tra My

21128185

Ph.D. Nguyen Linh Nham

Ho Chi Minh city, July 2025

SUMMARY OF THE THESIS
Plants of the genus Camellia are increasingly being investigated for their
phytochemicals and bioactive compounds having prospective substances of health
benefits. Different parts of the plant including leaves, fruit peels, and seed oil have been
extracted and analyzed, but investigations on other potentially useful parts such as
stems and roots still remained limited. Camellia hoaana—a species of the Camellia
genus—was recently discovered and documented in Bu Gia Map National Park, Binh
Phuoc Province, Vietnam.
In this study, the extraction of C. hoaana stem was studied and optimized for extraction
conditions by factorial design and Response Surface Methodology, involving four
variables, namely ethanol concentration, particle size, extraction time, and solvent-tomaterial ratio. Four responses were evaluated: Yield, Total Phenolic Content (TPC),
Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), and Total Saponin Content (TSC).
The optimal extraction conditions were determined to be an ethanol concentration of
90%, an extraction time of 5 hours, a particle size of 250 μm and solvent to material
ratio of 20 (mL/g D.W). Under these conditions, the extraction yield was 9.643 %, the
total flavonoid content was 683.491 mg RE/g D.W, the total phenolic content was
322.946 mg GAE/g D.W, and the total saponin content was 1043.612 mg OAE/g D.W.
From the practical results of the study, it can be seen that the extract obtained from the
stem of C. hoaana at the optimal conditions using S
...

...


0.547
0.579
0.466
0.601
0.472
0.532
0.436
0.633
0.754
0.384
0.660
0.657

114.109
121.120
96.446
125.902
97.696
110.739
89.978
132.859
159.054
78.674
138.620
137.913

TSC
(mg
OAE/ g
D.W)
664.891
792.136
689.303
885.717
692.509
753.709
706.180
850.704
1049.552
552.141
929.361
887.780

OP13
OP14
OP15
OP16
OP17
OP18
OP19
OP20
OP21
OP22
OP23
OP24
OP25
OP26
OP27

160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160

1.35
1.3
1.35
1.4
1.05
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
1
1.05
1
1.4
1.25

12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12

0.0027
0.0026
0.0027
0.0028
0.0021
0.0024
0.0024
0.0024
0.0022
0.0022
0.0020
0.0021
0.0020
0.0028
0.0025

0.589
0.616
0.567
0.750
0.584
0.585
0.644
0.540
0.512
0.687
0.602
0.681
0.675
0.654
0.586

123.293
129.054
118.511
158.239
122.207
122.261
135.196
112.533
106.500
144.598
125.957
143.130
141.935
137.370
122.533

842.086
884.467
814.794
1026.518
836.325
868.529
915.442
794.166
728.903
954.869
857.159
939.462
962.162
937.415
820.865

Appendix 4.g. Total Saponin content of 3 samples for model validation.
Weight
TSC
Interpolated
Name
Concentration Volume Diluted
of
(mg
of
Abs concentration
⁄
(mL)
factor
sample
OAE/
g
(???????? ????????)
sample
(????????⁄????????)
(g)
D.W)
OP1
160
1.25
12
0.0025 0.727
153.198
1004.570
OP2
160
1.2
12
0.0024 0.824
174.380
1090.036
OP3
160
1.1
12
0.0022 0.814
172.125
1083.961

127

APPENDIX 5: Factorial design analysis .
Appendix 5.a. Interaction plot of the single factor affecting extraction yield

128

Appendix 5.b. Plot of statistically significant interactions (p 0.05) affecting extraction
yield (p0.05)

129

130

131

Appendix 5.c. Interaction plot of the single factor affecting Total Polyphenol content.

132

Appendix 5.d. Plot of statistically significant interactions (p 0.05) affecting Total
Polyphenol content (TPC)

133

134

135

Appendix 5.e. Interaction plot of the single factor affecting Total Flavonoid content.

136

Appendix 5.f. Plot of statistically significant interactions (p 0.05) affecting Total
Flavonoid content (p0.05)

137

138

139

Appendix 5.g. Interaction plot of the single factor affecting Total Saponin content.

140

Appendix 5.h Plot of statistically significant interactions (p 0.05) affecting Total
Saponin content

141

142

143

Appendix 5.i. Predicted and experimental results plot in the factorial design of
extraction yield (1), total polyphenol content (2), total flavonoid content (3) and total
saponin content (4).

(1)

(2)

144

(3)

(4)

145